A case study examining the adequacy of social protection in Kiribati. Part of a DFAT study to fill gaps in knowledge about formal social protection in the Pacific Islands, it describes the nature of livelihoods in Kiribati and examines the stresses facing its economy and society. The research paper then assesses the country’s poverty and vulnerability, describes its current social protection and points to alternative forms of formal social protection that could be put in place to stimulate debate on the direction of social protection.